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Trans bashing is the act of victimizing a person physically, sexually, or verbally because they are transgender or transsexual.〔(Guilty plea over transsexual bashing ) By Mariza O'Keefe in ''Herald Sun''〕 Unlike gay bashing, it is committed because of the target's actual or perceived gender identity, not sexual orientation. However, a trans person may be gay bashed if the person perceives them as gay rather than transgender. The term has also been applied to hate speech directed at transgender people〔(Demagogues of defamation Gay: Where is the outrage when cable TV’s talking heads trash trans people? )〕 and at depictions of transgender people in the media that reinforce negative stereotypes about them. Discrimination, including physical or sexual violence against trans people due to transphobia or homophobia, is a common occurrence for trans people.〔(Trans Health Project: A position paper and resolution adopted by the Ontario Public Health Association )〕〔Hill, D.B. (2001). Genderism, transphobia, and gender bashing: A framework for interpreting anti-transgender violence. In B. Wallace, & R. Carter (Eds.). A multicultural approach for understanding and dealing with violence: A handbook for psychologists and educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.〕〔Namaste, V.K. (2000a). Invisible lives: The erasure of transsexual and transgendered people. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.〕 Every three days a murder of a trans person is reported,〔()〕 and many murders are believed to go unreported. Hate crimes against trans people are common even recently, and "in some instances, inaction by police or other government officials leads to the untimely deaths of transgender victims." One of the most famous incidents was the December 1993 rape and murder of Brandon Teena, a young trans man, by two male friends after they found out that he had been assigned female at birth. The events became internationally known when told in the feature film ''Boys Don't Cry'', which earned Hilary Swank an Academy Award for best actress. == Differentiating trans bashing from gay bashing == At least since the Stonewall riots in 1969, people from the greater trans communities have often been politically aligned with the lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities.〔Kay Dayus, Transgenders Protest HRC Exec's Visit to Houston, Hous. Voice, Sept. 29, 2000〕 However, researchers and some activists from the greater trans communities argue trans bashing should be categorized separately from violence committed on the basis of sexual orientation ("gay-bashing").〔〔Discrimination and Hate Crimes Against Gender Variant People, It's Time Illinois . . . Political Action for the Gender Variant Community (May 2000)〕 Anti-trans bias crimes have been conceptually and characteristically distinguished from homophobic crimes in the scholarly research.〔Anti-Transgender Hate Crimes: The Challenge for Law Enforcement, at http://jointheimpactma.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Victimization-Study-Report.pdf〕 One argument is that conflating violence against trans peoples with violence against gay people erases the identities of people in the greater trans communities and the truth of what happens to them. However, campaigns against gay bashing and trans bashing are often seen as a common cause.〔('Zero tolerance for gay-trans bashing': Protests mount )〕 In one case, perpetrators accused of hate crimes against trans people have tried to use a trans panic defense, an extension of gay panic defense.〔(''Transpeople: Repudiation, Trauma, Healing'' ) by Christopher A. Shelley.〕〔("Two murder convictions in Araujo case" ), Zak Szymanski; ''Bay Area Reporter'' 15 September 2005.〕 The jury deadlocked, but there is evidence they rejected the trans-panic defense. One law journal provided an analysis of the trans-panic defense, arguing in part that the emotional premise of a trans panic defense (shock at discovering unexpected genitals) is different from the emotional premise of a gay panic defense (shock at being propositioned by a member of the same sex, perhaps because of one's repressed homosexuality). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trans bashing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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